Heart Failure – Universal Definition

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TypicalLess Typical
BreathlessnessNocturnal cough
OrthopneaWheezing
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaBloated feeling
Reduce exercise tolerancePostprandial satiety
Fatigue, tirednessLoss of appetite
Ankle swellingDecline in cognitive function, confusion (especially in the elderly)
Inability to exerciseDepression
Swelling of parts of the body other than anklesDizziness, syncope
Bendopnea
More SpecificLess Specific
Elevated jugular venous pressurePeripheral edema
Third heart soundPulmonary rales
Summation gallop with third and fourth heart soundsUnintentional weight loss
Cardiomegaly, laterally displaced apical impulseWeight loss with muscle wasting and cachexia
Hepatojugular refluxCardiac murmur
Cheyne Stokes respiration in advanced HFReduced air entry and dullness to percussion at lung bases suggestive of pleural effusion

Tachycardia, irregular pulse

Tachypnea

Hepatomegaly/ascites

Cold extremities

Oliguria

Narrow pulse pressure

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